Subnet Calculator
Calculate IPv4 CIDR network ranges, usable host IPs, and subnet masks.
Input Parameters
Live Result
Details
Steps
Bitwise Subnet Mask: Applied /24 mask (255.255.255.0) to IP 192.168.1.1.
Network Boundary Calculation: Calculated network address 192.168.1.0 and broadcast address 192.168.1.255.
Host Allocation: Allocated 254 usable host addresses from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (Private Network (RFC 1918 Class C /16) Class Class C).
Quick Answer & Understanding Your Result
An IPv4 Subnet Calculator determines the network boundary, broadcast address, and usable host IP range for any given IP address and CIDR prefix (/0 to /32) using 32-bit bitwise mathematics.
Core Network Subnet Components
- Network Address: The first numerical address of the subnet (IP & Subnet Mask), identifying the network wire.
- Broadcast Address: The last address in the subnet range (Network | ~Mask), sending packets to all hosts on the subnet.
- Usable Host Range: All assignable IP addresses between the network address and broadcast address (Network + 1 to Broadcast - 1).
- Subnet Mask & Wildcard: 32-bit prefix identifying network bits (e.g. 255.255.255.0) and inverted host bits (0.0.0.255).
- Address Capacity: Total addresses equal 2^(32 - CIDR), with usable hosts equal to 2^(32 - CIDR) - 2.
Common IPv4 CIDR Subnet Sizes
- /24 (Class C): 256 Total IPs, 254 Usable Hosts (Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0)
- /16 (Class B): 65,536 Total IPs, 65,534 Usable Hosts (Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0)
- /8 (Class A): 16,777,216 Total IPs, 16,777,214 Usable Hosts (Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0)
- /30 (Point-to-Point): 4 Total IPs, 2 Usable Hosts (Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.252)
Enter your IPv4 address and CIDR prefix above to compute network boundaries, usable IP ranges, and binary bitwise representations.
Formula & Calculation Logic
Technical Specification & ASTApplies 32-bit bitwise AND (&) between the binary IP and subnet mask to determine the network address, bitwise OR (|) with the inverted wildcard mask to find the broadcast address, and calculates host capacity subtracting 2 reserved addresses (network and broadcast).
Step-by-Step Guide
Enter IPv4 Address
Type an IPv4 address such as 192.168.1.1, 10.0.0.1, or 172.16.0.50 (inline CIDR like 192.168.1.1/26 is supported).
Select CIDR Subnet Prefix
Choose a subnet mask prefix between /0 and /32 (e.g. /24 for 254 usable hosts or /16 for 65,534 hosts).
View Network Boundaries & Host Range
Inspect calculated network address, broadcast address, first and last usable host IPs, and wildcard mask.
Examine Binary Bitwise Breakdown
Analyze 32-bit dot-separated binary representations of the IP, subnet mask, and network boundaries.
Worked Examples Table
| Example | Input Values | Calculated Result | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Home / Office LAN (192.168.1.1/24) | A /24 subnet reserves 192.168.1.0 as the network ID and 192.168.1.255 as the broadcast address, leaving 254 assignable host IPs. | ||
| AWS VPC Subnet (10.0.0.0/16) | A /16 private supernet allows up to 65,534 virtual machines and cloud instances across availability zones. |
Frequently Asked Questions
Evidence-Based Methodology & Authoritative References
IETF RFC 4632 - Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR)
IETF RFC 1918 - Address Allocation for Private Internets
IETF RFC 3021 - Using 31-Bit Prefixes on IPv4 Point-to-Point Links
Standard: ISO / W3C / IETF Authoritative Domain Standard
Formula: Network Address = IP Address & Subnet Mask
Last Reviewed: August 21, 2026
Primary Source: IETF RFC 4632 - Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR)
Reference Document: IETF RFC 1918 - Address Allocation for Private Internets
Computation Privacy: 100% client-side 0ms computation, zero data retention
All algorithms, formatters, and data conversions run 100% locally in your browser following official technical standards (RFC, ISO, W3C). Output should be verified prior to mission-critical production deployment.
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Calculated results are modeled based on standard scientific and mathematical formulas. Please verify with domain-specific technical documentation for specialized applications.